References
The following authoritative sources inform the formulas, assumptions, and educational content on this site. We cite only publicly accessible, reputable institutions and standard academic references.
External links are provided for reference only. We are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or officially connected to any of the organizations listed below.
Government & Regulatory
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) — Compound Interest Calculator
The SEC's official compound interest calculator and investor education resources on the power of compounding.
Federal Reserve Economic Data (FRED)
Historical interest rate data from the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, providing context for real-world rate environments.
IRS — Topic No. 409, Capital Gains and Losses
Official IRS guidance on capital gains tax rates, holding periods, and reporting requirements for investment income.
IRS — Publication 550, Investment Income and Expenses
Detailed IRS publication covering the tax treatment of investment income, including capital gains and losses.
Educational Institutions
Khan Academy — Compound Interest
Free educational video series explaining compound interest, the time value of money, and the mathematics of exponential growth.
MIT OpenCourseWare — Mathematics of Finance
Lecture notes and course materials on the mathematics of compound interest, annuities, and loan amortization from MIT's Sloan School of Management.
Financial Reference
Academic Textbooks
Bodie, Kane & Marcus — Investments (12th Edition)
Standard university-level textbook on investment theory, covering compound interest, time value of money, and portfolio theory. McGraw-Hill Education.
Fabozzi — Fixed Income Analysis (4th Edition)
Authoritative reference on fixed-income mathematics, including compounding conventions, yield calculations, and interest rate theory. CFA Institute Investment Series.